To improve the learning process of multi-agent system and the robustness of the system to external disturbances, an iterative learning consensus control algorithm with feedback control was proposed. Firstly, the learning process of agents was improved by sharing the control input information among agents, and the robustness of the system was improved by designing a feedback controller when there were non-iterative repetitive disturbances outside the system. Then, by using the contraction mapping method, the system consensus was analyzed, and the convergence condition of the algorithm was derived strictly. Finally, the correctness and effectiveness of the algorithm was verified through simulations. Compared with the P-type algorithm, the improved algorithm has higher convergence speed and smoother convergence curve in the presence of external disturbances.